Dixit

Thursday 30 July 2020

SOURCES OF WATER AND ITS USE

SOURCES OF WATER

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Rainfall is the primary sources of water.Rain fall reserved in other water bodies is used as resource of water ,we get water mainly from two source

SURFACE WATER 

Surface water is provided by flowing water of river ,lakes,tank,ponds,or artificial water bodies just like Dam,Barrage and Diversionary bond of different storage capacity.

Water flowing through river called lotic water and water remains stagnant in pond,lake and water tanker .saline water is found in sea called marine water and it  constitute a distinct ecosystem,known as marine ecosystem.

GROUND WATER

By the process of perculation water stored in underground and this type of water known as ground water.These water can be collected by dogging bore well,well,and tube well.

This water is used for various purposes such as domestic use ,drinking purposes,used for electricity production ,cooling machinary,irrigation purposes and cleaning purposes .

USE OF WATER

Domestic Use 

water is most important resources for domestic purposes such as cooking drinking,washing,cleaning clothes,utensil,room etc.

Agricultural Use

In agriculture water is mainly used in irrigation -is the most important way to multiply the crop production.The requirment of water to soil varies crop to crop and soil to soil.

MUNICIPAL USE

In municipal use -water is mainly used for domestication,commercial use ,cleaning steer and road,houses,detection of waste ,irrigation in lawn and garden.

Industrial Use 

Mainly industries are constructed near water body or near the area where water is easily available.Different activity of industries are like -cooking ,cooling of machine,generation of power ,manufacturing operation,cleaning purposes etc require high quantity of water .

Power Generation

large quantity of water is required for for power generation from thermal power plant and hydro-electric power plant.

NAVIGATION

Water way navigation is the best and cheap route for transportation as compaire to road and Air.


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WHAT IS POLLUTION ? AND TYPES OF POLLUTANTS

DEFINITION OF POLLUTION 

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Pollution is the undesireable changes in physical,chemical and biological characteristics of air ,water and soil that may harmfully affect life or create a potential of health hazard of any living organisms .

Pollution is the direct or indirect changes in the any component of biosphere that is harmful to the living component and which is undesireable for human being and affect badly to the industrial progress ,cultural and natural assets of general environment of living society.

any substance that causes pollution called pollutant, it include chemical,physical,biological and its derivative component


TYPE OF POLLUTANT

The various pollutant that pollute air water and soil are as follow-
Gases:Oxides of nitrogen,oxides of sulphur ,carbonmonoxide ,halogen(chlorine,bromine and iodine)
Acid droplet:Sulphuuric acid ,Nitric acid
Metals:Mercury,zinc,iron,nickel,lead,cadmium ,tin and chromeum.
Agrochemicals:Pesticides,herbicides,fungicides,nematicides,bacteriacide,widicides ,etc and fertilizer.
Photochemical Oxidant:Photochemical smog,ozone,PAN,Peroxibenzonyl nitrate,aldehyde,ethylin,nitrogen oxide
Solid domestic waste
Radioactive waste
noise
Deposited matter:Smoke ,tar and dust
Complex organic oxidant:Ether,benzene,acitic acid

SOURCES OF POLLUTANT

Waste from Thermal Power Station:

 various type gaseous and solid pollutant and gaseous pollutant are added to environment by thermal power plant .the coal consumption in power plant generate fly ash,sulphur di-oxide and other gases which pollute air.

INDUSTRIAL CHIMNEY WASTE:There are number of industries which are major source for air pollution ,petroleum refinaries are the major source of gaseous pollutants,the major gases are oxides of nitrogen and sulphur.

Agricultural pollutant sources

Pesticides and chemical fertilizers are major sources of agricultural pollutant source.

Sewage

domestic waste like cow dung,rotten vegetable,latrine waste and latrine water are the major pollutants for water pollution.

Radioactive pollutant sources:

In nuclear Power plant huge amount radioactive waste generated and which are hazardous for living organisms.


Automobile:

The toxic automobile exhaust are a source of cosiderable air pollution and the noise from automobiles causes noise pollution.

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IMPACT OF OZONE HOLE ON THE ENVIRONMENT

ABOUT OZONE HOLE
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Ozone hole prevent the penetration of harmful UV radiation into the earth surface .How ever ozone hole allow passage of UV rays to earth surface where is cause harm to plants ,animals and environment directly or indirectly.The UV rays cause skin cancer in the skin of human being.

EFFECT OF OZONE HOLE ON PLANT

Ozone hole causes damage to photosynthesis and germination of seed .The leaf ,fruit ,etc .Due to UV rays the plant cell died and the growth of plant hampered .Smaller plants like phytoplankton and zooplankton die in water reservoir ,so the growth of fishes decreases due lack of food ,because they are directly or indirectly depend on these zooplankton and phytoplankton.Due to decrease in fishes population the protein rich fishes become unavailable in market and the fisherman loses their livelyhood and the economy of the country goes down in a some extent directly or indirectly.


EFFECT ON ANIMALS 

UV rays are dangerous to living organism -particularly the UV-B ,which causes skin cancer and eye sight effect on human and animals .

The immunity of skin decreases due to the UV rays ,as a result the micro-organism easily attack the skin and the rate of infection increases and the UV rays affect the reproductive system of animals including the human being.

EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT

The food chain is largely affected by UV rays ,due to which ecosystem fall in danger.acid rain is increases


Wednesday 29 July 2020

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TOP 10 SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

AIR POLLUTION

air pollution



According to W.H.O - Air pollution is mixing of some substances in the ambient air in such a concentrations that a situation arises in which mean his environment are badly affected.

As per the American medical Association "Air pollution is the excessive concentration of foreign matters in the air which adversely affects the well being of individual or cause damage to property .
The pollutant cause air pollution by mixing with air naturally or man made way .The air pollutants are classified in different ways


CLASSIFICATION OF AIR POLLUTANT ON THE BASIS OF THEIR SOURCE

Air pollutants made by natural Process

The source of natural air pollutants are -
SOURCES                                                       POLLUTANTS
Volcanic eruption,                                     Carbondioxide,carbon monoxide,smoke,heat

forest firing                                               cabondioxide,Ashes,dusts
                                           
plant                                                          Fungus,bacteria,methane,pollen,

Soil                                                            dust

Sea                                                              salt

Air pollutant by human activity

 SOURCES                                                                   POLLUTANTS                 

Domestic burning of fuel                                   carbondioxide,smoke,heat,carbonmonoxide,sulphor-di
                                                                             oxide.

Thermal  station                                                  carbondioxide,carbon-monoxide,nitrogen-oxide,
                                                                            Ammonia,hydrocarbon,smoke

Nuclear Power station                                        Radioactive Waste

pesticides                                                             Sulfur di- oxide ,Chlorinated Hydrocarbon,Smoke ,
                                                                                   Aerosol,heavymetals


On the basis of their nature air pollutants are following type-

PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTANT

POLLUTANT                                                           SOURCES                                                         
Smoke ,Fume and Smog                                     Combustion of household,Municipal Waste and
                                                                             industrial waste

DUST                                                                  Agricultural land,All type of combustion

Aerosol                                                                 Thermal Power plant,Combustion of                                                                                                                petrol,Diesel,from                                                                                                                                  industries,insecticide,Pesticide



GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANT

   POLLUTANTS                                                               SOURCES                                                                                                 carbon dioxide                                 Domestic burning of fuel,combustion of coal petroleum and                                                                  fuel
Carbon monoxide                               in Industries,vehicle and heat production centre

Hydrocarbon                                      Complete combustion of fossil fuel

Nitrogen Oxide                                   Combustion of fuel and combustion of fossil fuel 

Sulphurdioxide                                  Thermal electric plant,sulphuric acid plant,metal extraction plant

CFC                                                   Aerosol,Refrigerator


Hydrogen Flouride                             Dead and decay matter of living organism,Sea,coke,Petroleum                                                                   ,refinery,Oven plant



Some other sources of air pollution are-

Industrial Chimney sources 

There are some number of industries which are major source of pollution-petroleum refineries.These are the major sources of gaseous pollutant ,The chief gases are sulful dioxide and nitrus oxide.

THERMAL POWER STATION

There numbers of thermal power station in our country ,because most of the electricity produces by burning of coal.The major pollutants are hydrocarbon,sulfor- di- oxide and other gases.

AUTOMOBILES

The hazardous vehicular exhausts are major source of air pollution ,next to thermal power plants.due to high population growth the numbers of automobiles are increasing day by day-it leads air pollution in a huge extent.The ever increased vehicular traffic density pose continued threat ambient air quality.The cities like Delhi,Mumbai and Kolkata are highly polluted due high use of vehicles.The chief source of emissions are -Crankcase,exhaust system and fuel tank and carburettors
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DIFFERENT STEPS OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT

AIM OF  WATER TREATMENT




  • Mainly water pollution caused by industrial sewage  and domestic sewage .The term sullage is applied to waste water which are free from human excreta.The basic objective of treatment of waste water ,industrial or municipal water ,is to bring the quality of water to a permissible /allowable level as prescribed by environmental laws.

THE BASIC AIM OF SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT ARE 


  • 1.Produce an effluent free from pathogens and that  can be dispose of without any rise of environmental and health problem
  • 2.Remove the suspended particulate matter 
  • 3.Removal of organic matter lode through decomposition by bacterial action into inorganic compounds .

PRIMARY TREATMENT OF WATER

  • It include physical separation of suspended material by screening,flocculation,sedimentation,filtration and floatation.The water first treated with alum FeCl3 to precipitate suspended particle.

SECONDARY TREATMENT OF WATER

  • It include biological process like -removal of biodegradable organic colloidal or dissolve biological method of removal of certain catagories of chemical compound in order to reduce the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).Activated sludge process and trickling filter process are more important technique for secondary treatment of waste water.

TERTAIRY TREATMENT OF WATER

It involve  physical,chemical and biological process for the removal of the nitrogenous ,phosphatic and other inorganic pollutant -removal of color ,order and removal of the remaining organic pollutants.

PURIFICATION OF WATER 

  • Water is called portable/acceptable for drinking ,when it free from pathogen and harmful chemical substances .Mainly water is available on three sources such as -rain water,surface water and ground water -contain impurities ,so it should be purified before use for drinking and domestic purposes and other purposes.

  • In the large scale water is purified in three steps-such as -storage ,filtration and chlorination.

1.STORAGE

  • We can store water in natural and artificial reservoir -it allow the suspended particle to settle down .When sunlight enters to water body it allow photosynthesis ,which leads to increase in oxygen level and water body and which help in reduction of Biochemical Oxygen Demand and it is helpful in natural purification of water.

2.FILTRATION

The filtration id done by biological or slow sand filtration and by the rapid sand or mechanical filter 
Supernatant and the raw water flow downward through the sand bed and during such perculation of water a number of purification process such as mechanical screening ,sedimentation ,absorption,oxidation and bacterial action takes place during filtration ,a biological layer develop in the sand containing algae and bacteria which remove organic matter.

CHLORINATION


  • Chlorination is the addition of chlorine to waste water and a supplement to sand filtration kill pathogenic bacteria .chlorine also oxidises iron ,manganese and hydrogen sulfides ,destroy some odor producing constituents and control algae 

PURIFICATION OF WATER ON SMALL SCALE  

BOILING 


  • Boiling of water kills all bacteria ,spores,cysts and ova.Also remove the temporary hardness of water by percipitating calcium carbonate .

CHEMICAL DISINFECTION


  • The water can be disinfected with many chemical like iodine ,potassium Permanganate and chlorine .Chlorination of water can be done using bleaching powder .Iodine can be used for emergency disinfection.

FILTRATION


  • Water also can be purified on small scale by filtering it through ceremic filter ,which are excessive use now-a-days .Filter candle of the fine type usually remove bacteria,but not virus.


Monday 27 July 2020

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WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF PESTICIDES ?

WHAT ARE PEST


pesticides



Any organism that is noxious ,destructive,troublesome,dangerous for human society and interfere directly or indirectly with humans or their social and economic endeavours  known as pest.

PESTICIDES

The chemicals used to kill ,eradicate and destruction of pests known as pesticides -may be chemical or organic pesticides 

CLASSIFICATION AND THEIR PROPERTIES
1.Insecticides-Which kills insects
2.Rodenticides-Which kills mice and rat
3.Fungicides-Which kills fungi
4.Nematicides-Kills nematodes
5.Herbicides-Which kills herbs 
Use of pesticides pose hazard to other organism including humans are also called Biocides

TYPES OF PESTICIDES

 Natural Pesticides

These are non-persistent organic compound like nicotine ,tobacco,pyrethrum,rotten debris are used to kill pest earlier 

FIRST GENERATION PESTICIDES

Include all inorganic pesticides -due to their high toxicity and accumulation in soil ,these restrict the growth of plant and are toxic in nature for other organisms

SECOND GENERATION PESTICIDES

It include synthetic organic chemicals like -DDT(dichlorodiphynyl trichloroethane)
                                                                 
  -Organo chlorine- it contains -DDT ,Endosolphan,aldrine ,chlorodrane and merix.
Crop production is increased by application of DDT and it is highly capable to kill pests-its negative point is it is accumulated in soil ,crop animal tissue ,including human-it directly enters to food chain and go for biomagnification.

ORGANOPHOSPHATE

                                                                      
Chemical pesticide include parathion ,azodrin,phosphodrin,malathion,with persistance of one week to one month in the environment.These pesticides are are toxic and hazardous to human ,bird and animals

ORGANOCHLORINE 

It include toxafin ,diazinon etc.
Demerits of these organochlorine pesticides are -1.It developes pest resisistance characters in pest-which lead to use of more pesticides latter .
2.Resourgence and secondary pest outbreak 
3.Adverse environmental and human health impact 

CARBAMATES

These are chemical pesticides such as-zectrain and carbyl having resistance two week or less.

PEST RESISTANCE

When a pesticides applied on an area -few organisms,especially insects,survive because they have specific genes that make them resistance to a specific pesticides .these few resistance reproduce in a huge number within a certain time period and weaken the effect of pesticides

RESURGENCE AND SECONDARY PEST OUTBREAK 

Sometimes pest completely eliminated because of pesticide use ,return at higher and more severe level .This is known as resurgence.Even some population of insects that were previously no concern because of their low numbers suddenly start multiplying and creating new problems -These phenomena is called secondary pest outbreak


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TOP 10 CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING

WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING

global warming



Air contain 0.03% of carbon dioxide .but the amount of carbon dioxide is increasing day by day due to heavy use of fossil fuels.This release carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere .The solar energy which reaches the earth -a part of it radiated -however carbon dioxide act as a shild and prevent escape the radiated heat energy which now remain in the atmosphere and get heated -in this way the temperature of  earth increasing slowly day by day-This referred as global warming .There are some reason for increasing temperature of the earth which are given bellow


TOP 10  CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING 

1. The temperature of the earth increases due to increased use of consumption of fossil fuel which release carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 

2.The amount of carbon dioxide is increasing due to use of wood as fuel 

3.Methane produced in paddy field and marphy land by rotting and decomposition of plant by bacteria and from cow dung ,rotten organic debris etc increases the temperature of the earth 

4.CFC is used in cold storage ,refrigerator ,motor vehicle etc-which in turn mixes with the air -it increases the temperature at high rate 

5.The amount of Nitrous oxide increases due to deforestation and use of Nitrogenous fertilizer -as a result temperature of atmosphere increases

6.Vast Deforestation is the main reason of global warming -due to deforestation the amount of carbon dioxide increases day by day

7.Industries are the main reason for the global warming-because hazardous gas and chemical along with carbon dioxide releases to atmosphere 

8.Shifting cultivation is the one of the important reason for global warming because due to shifting cultivation large extent of deforestation occur 

9.Forest fire and volcano are the main reason for the global warming and dam construction projects are one of the important reason-because due to dam construction huge area of forest submerged under water and latter by decomposition of plant and animals body huge amount of methane gas realese to atmosphere
10.Mismanagement of sewage ,domestic waste ,dead and decay materials of animals and plants increases the release of methane gas to atmosphere and another great reason for global warming is lack of public awareness toward worming and high illiteracy and luxerious life is also responsible for global warming.

Friday 24 July 2020

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TOP 10 REASON OF WATER POLLUTION

CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION




The causes of water pollution may be due to -
-biotic community dumping fertilizer or waste in the water reservoir .As a result get polluted ,due to mixing of fertilizer directly with water body leads to eutrophication in the water reservoir -which leads to decrease in dissolve oxygen level in the water body,and low level oxygen is harmful for all aquatic organisms -due less oxygen in water body fishes and other aquatic organism die easily and due to the death of aquatic organism the BOD (Biological oxygen demand) of water body increase ,by which organic load on water body increases and it causes severe water pollution.

WATER POLLUTION DUE TO INDUSTRIES 

The hazardous waste materials from different industry when mix with water body directly it hamper the life of aquatic animals ,due to these toxic chemicals the aquatic animals life ,zooplankton ,phytoplankton dies directly - it hamper the biotic community directly , for this water get polluted directly 

SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION 

The principal sources of water pollution are as follows-

Sewage-

When the domestic waste water ,latrine waste water ,bathroom water ,household waste water mix directly with water reservoir then the water get polluted .

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION 

Industrial hazardous chemicals and toxic chemicals of  industry when mix directly with the water body then water get polluted .The pollutant from industries like Paper ,tannery,clothes,jute ,steel,fertilizer, when mix with water body directly then water get polluted .  The water get unfit for industrial,recreational and other uses .The industrial pollutants contain number of toxic chemicals as follows 
1.Mercury-It passes into food chain ,poison fish and other fauna that produces creeping deformity in human beings called Minamate disease 
2-Lead and Cadmium -It causes renal damage,hypertension,anaemia,damage to placenta and testes
3.Acid,Alkali,Poisons and Other liquid pollutants -They kill fishes and other aquatic life beside being toxic to human beings.


THERMAL POLLUTION 

It is caused by addition of hot pollutants and hot water into water causes high tempreature and reduces the dissolved oxygen content of water body

POLLUTION DUE TO PETROLEUM OIL

Oil sticks and oil spill and discharge of industries causes oxygenation water ,inhibits the plant growth and kill aquatic animals,sometimes oil leakage from petroleum carrier ship is the measure cause of marine water pollution 

AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION

Now-a-days in order to increase agricultural productivity huge amount of fertilizer and pesticides have been largely used and it also a main causes of water pollution .Water also polluted by acid rain.

Sunday 19 July 2020

WHAT IS BIOSPHERE

BIOSPHERE- 




Biosphere is defined as the part of the earth in which life exist,it act as an envelope holding a variety of biotic communities living both in aquatic and terrestrial media.Life does not exist in pinnacle of highest mountain,deeper region of desert and extremely polluted area 

THE EXTENSION OF BIOSPHERE 


The extension of biosphere upward is more limited relative to its extension downward in the ocean .Chlorophyll-II containing plants can not survive in very high altitude ,due to lack of liquid water and less concentration of carbon -di- oxide .Above limited heights spider,s pollen grains,other  organic particles may be floating  and its zone is called Aeolian zone .life only inhabit in a small portion of the earth and may comprise the surface layer of the soil upper few metres or few feet deep in the ocean ,lakes,river ,streams and few kilometre in altitude in atmosphere  inhabited by organisms that fly or floats such as birds or bacteria .This life containing zone is known as biosphere 

      Biosphere zone is active biological zone of production ,through photosynthesis varies from habitat to habitat .The organism in the biosphere depend for energy from the zone of active biological production

COMPOSITION OF BIOSPHERE   

Biosphere is composed of all living beings in the entity from simple to complex ,from man to microbe and from plant to animals. The all living organism in the earth are confined to a thin mantle 
of atmosphere (gas, vapour and water ) hydrosphere (Ocean ) and lithosphere (earth crust)
Biosphere is the environment of the earth that support life .Biosphrer is composed of three aboitic 
environment namely hydrosphere ,lithosphere ,and atmosphere and all are dependent to each other for exchange of material and energy 

Biosphere is large global ecosystem where it is related to hydrosphere ,lithosphere and atmosphere
Biosphere sometimes known as ecoshp.ere

Nature of biosphere 

1.Water as the vast dispersion medium

Water is the most valuable liquid in a living system,without water life can not exist ,it is a universal solvent ,in a cell around 70% of water present and on the earth surface  three-fourth area is covered by water body.most of the water is present in the ocean and only one percent of water is fresh water
Thousands of marine plants simple to complex ,planktonic  are found on the upper layer of the sea water ,on which several sea animals depends and collect their food from sea water 

2.Unidirectional flow of energy 

Transfer of energy in a food chain always unidirectional -frm sun to primary producer-from primary producer to herbivor  form herbivore to primary carnivore -from primary carnivore to secondary carnivore-from secondary carnivore to top carnivore.Cycling of bioelements occur in three levels -
1.individual organism level ,2. ecosystem level,3. biospheric level .In biospheric level inorganic chemicals occur and transform into matter and which exchanged in food chain .The organic production of plant transfer to animal by food consumption by animals ,bacteria and fungi help in recycling process by returning plant and animals  decomposition product in inorganic form ,thus food materials flows in a cyclic manner in the food chain .Biosphere act as massive and vast pool for conversion of organic to inorganic form of elements and back ,continually take place through the living organisms .Such movement of material include carbon ,oxygen,hydrogen and water ,here the hydrosphere and atmosphere act as constant and important reservoir .All organisms use nitrogen,phosphorus,sulfur,sodium,potassium,calcium,magnesium,iron,manganese,cobalt,copper,zinc
etc.

Biosphere as store house of elements

Biosphere is a store house of elements -both organic and inorganic which has large importance to biological system such as carbon ,oxygen,nitrogen,hydrogen,phosphorus etc
These vital elements are utilised by living systems in the forms of carbon as carbon-di-oxide,oxygen as gas or water,nitrogen as amonia etc.All elements move in a cyclic manner .

Active productivity and biomass formation in the biosphere 

Sun is the ultimate source of energy for biosphere ,aquatic and land plant make food by the process of photosynthesis ,the  energy of biosphere depend upon the photosynthetic reduction of carbon-di-oxide to form organic compounds (carbohydrates) and molecular oxygen by using chlorophyll II of blue green algae ,phytoplankton,photosynthetic green and purple bacteria.
plants have great significance in productivity ,production of highest organic yield with the aid of soil ,water and air in prescence of radiant energy



Reference book-Nalanda Publication
site-www.nalandapublication.com
Thank you.

Friday 17 July 2020

CHANDAKA ELEPHANTS SANCTUARY ODISHA

ABOUT CHANDAKA ELEPHANTS SANCTUARY




COUNTRY-INDIA
STATE- ODISHA
DISTRICT-KHURDHA
FOREST DIVISION-CHANDAKA WILDLIFE DIVISION
DATE OF NOTIFICATION-30-12-1985
NOTIFIED AREA-200 SQ KM

DESCRIPTION OF CHANDAKA ELEPHANTS SANCTUARY

The Chandaka wildlife sanctuary is located near Bhubaneswar .It is located  at Bhubaneswar in Indian state of Odisha .It coming under Damapada wildlife sanctuary and famous for the conservation of wild elephant -comprise major forest forest block of Chandaka wildlife division. This wildlife sanctuary is only for conservation of elephants ,a large number of wild  elephants are found in this wildlife sanctuary . It is one of the most important tourists place of Odisha . 

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT CHANDAKA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

It is an important place for nature lover and ecotourists. It also act as living lab for various research and development in life sciences and Environmental sciences .The Chandaka  wildlife sanctuary is primarily to preserve wild elephants and elephant habitat and it is a central govt sponcered project for elephant conservation ,there are various animals are found such as python ,monitor lizard,and various types of snakes and huge number of birds species are found in Chandaka .

HOW TO REACH TO CHANDAKA


BY ROAD-Chandaka is 20 km far away from Bhubaneswar ,which has good inter state road linking major cities in INDIA
BY RAIL-Bhubaneswar railway station is the nearest railway station
BY AIR-Biju patnaik international airport is 20 KM away from the Chandaka sanctuary





Thursday 16 July 2020

USHAKOTHI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY SAMBALPUR ODISHA

LOCATION OF BADRAMA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Country -India



State-Odisha
District-Sambalpur
Date of notification-17-12-1987
Forest Divison-Bamra wildlife division

ABOUT USHAKOTHI SANCTUARY

The other name of Ushakothi wildlife sanctuary is Badrama wildlife sanctuary , this is 40 km away from `district head quarter and it is a part of Badrama wildlife sanctuary . The entire forest is dominated by dry deciduos forest and the it also a part of the elephant reserve 



ANIMAL FOUND IN USHAKOTHI SANCTUARY-

Mainly animals like - tiger,bear,deer,sambar,leopard are found in this sanctuary, including animal various bird species are found in this forest and invertibrates like snake and lizards are found in a huge number

IMPORTANT FACTS OBOUT USHAKOTHI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

The wildlife sanctuary is famous for its rich biodiversity and it also protect various kind of endangered species  of animals and plant ,and it also famous for its medicinal plant richness of flora and some valuable animals . 
It is one of the best attraction point for nature lover , national tourists , international tourists and the nearby area of the sanctuary has been using as picnic spot .thousands of people visiting every year to Ushakothi wildlife sanctuary and provide a huge ampunt revenue to central government .it is act as natural lab for various scientist ,zoologist,botanist,ecologist,and research persons, Due to the richness of biodiversity it is an active biodiversity hotspot . 

HOW TO REACH-TO USHAKOTHI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

BY ROAD-SAMBALPUR AUINTHAPALI BUS STAND IS THE NEAREST BUS STAND
BY TRAIN-SAMBALPUR KSHYETRAJPUR RAILWAY STATION IS NEAREST STATION
BY AIR-JHARSUGUDA VIR- SURENDRA SAI AIRPORT IS THE NEAREST AIRPORT


Thursday 9 July 2020

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GIR NATIONAL PARK GUJURAT INDIA

ABOUT GIR NATIONAL PARK

Wildlife

Beside Africa we can find only at Gir National park where lions are moving freely in their natural habitat.The real real discovery channel of India situated approximately 65 kms from south east Junagarh district.Previously its name was Sasan and later government rename it as Gir National Park on 18 September 1965 in order to conserve Asiatic lion .It occupy1412 sq kms of which 258 km from the core area of the national park.Previously during British period there were no restriction on hunting so lion population decreased a huge extent .in the year of 1913 there were 20 lions only ,But after conservation the number increased by 523 in 2015 census .There are 106 male 201 female and 213 sub adult .


ANIMALS IN GIR NATIONAL PARK

The Gir forest is full of dry decideous plants which is suitable for the lion pride and it is the only one place where asiatic lions are available in the entire world  .According to the new statics of 2015 there are 523 lions and 230 leopards and a huge numbers of herbivore animals  are living in this National Park .Except these animals there also two species of deer are living in this forest and some species of bear and some species of buffalo are found in this national park  .The Sambar is counted largest Indian deer is found in large number in thisnational park  .The worlds four horned antelope is found in this National park and its population is incresing ripidly in this natioinal park  .Some smaller carnivore like The jackel ,stripped hyena,The Indian Fox are also found in the Gir forest and sometimes these are found to be dominating in nature . But these small carnovores have greater role in environmental balance . 


BIORDS IN GIR NATIONAL PARK

The Gir forest not only famous for lion but also famous for birds . it is a better place to visit for bird lovers . Here most important endangered birds are found . some rare species of birds are also live here .
There are more than 200 of birds are living in the gir forest and the Gir forest give shelter to some endangered bird species like white backed and vultures  .The sanctuary has been declared as an important bird area by the indian bird conservation network.

REPTILES IN GIR FOREST

There are more than 40 species of reptiles found in the Gir National Park .Kameleswar is the large reservoir in the Gir forest which is the habitat of crocodile and their number is high.Some other reptiles like king cobra,the viper amd krait are found.



Wednesday 8 July 2020

SIMILIPAL TIGER RESERVE MAYURBHANJ ODISHA

ABOUT SIMILIPAL TIGER RESERVE 

Wildlife

Country-India
State-Odisha
District-Mayurbhanj
Forest Divison-Similipal Tiger Reserve,
Date of  Notification-13-12-1979
Notified Area-2800.00 sq kms

HOW TO REACH TO SIMILIPAL TIGER RESERVE

Bijupatnaik International airport is the nearest airport to the Similipal tiger reserve . This tiger reserve is 200 km away from Kolkata , Nearest railway station is the Bhubaneswar railway station and it is wel connected with Similipal .

BY TRAIN-Nearest rail head are -Baripada,Baleswar,Tatanagar,Kharagpur

BY ROAD-Baripada district head quarteer of  Mayurbhanj on the junction of NH-6 and 6 is 120 KM from hubaneswar ,200 Km from kolkata,60 km from baleswar and 22 km from pithabada which is the entry point ,other entry points are jhasipur 90 km from baripada on NH-6.Both place are connected by regular bus services ,taxi and jeeps are availble all tyme 

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT SIMILIPAL TIGER RESERVE-

*About 5 lakh tribal people are dependent on simiipal tiger reserve for their livelihood 
*Undulating terrain and perennial water reserves available  
*It is a good place for birds watcher and Anthropologist
*Variety of medicinal plant and aromatic plants are available in this forest and which is a good source of income for tribal people.

FACILITY AVAILABLE IN SIMILIPAL TIGER RESERVE

1. Hiking ,natural walk and rough trekking are available for tourists 
2.Jaranda falls and Barehi pani fall are present here 

Tuesday 7 July 2020

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DEBRIGARH WILDLIFE SANCTUARY OF SAMBALPUR ODISHA

ABOUT DEBRIGARH WILDLIFE SANCTUARY


Wildlife,

Forests are blessings for living creature and wildlife sanctuaries act as a safe habitat for wild animals , The Debrigarh wildlifesanctuary of Odisha is a home to numerous bird , mammals and reptile . Debrigarh wildlifesanctuary is a well protected area in western Odisha. Wildlife Can be seen in every corner of Sanctuary in every year . To preserve the ecology of this area now it is declared as important ecological hotspot of western Odisha . Debrigarh Contribute a major part in Odisha Tourism and Odisha ecotourism 

The Debrigarh wildlife sanctuary is present near the Hirakud water reservoir and it is located at the north – north eastern of Hirakud Dam . The Natural beauty of the Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary draw tourist from different part of the state and other national and international tourist .



Plants and Animals of Debrigarh wildlife Sanctuary 

Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary


Generously covered with Sal trees – this forest of Bargarh and Sambalpur district of Odisha is declared as Sanctuary in 1985 . The Sanctuary has unique location near the bank of Hirakud Dam . The dry decious forest and water bodies of Debrigarh Sanctuary is rich in wild animals , birds and reptiles . The Sanctuary is spread over an area of 355square kilometre . The sanctuary is a home to a large numbers of Indian Gaur . There is presence of 22 leopard and other animals living here are elephant , spotted deer , Sambar , four horned antelope , Nilgai , Jackal , hyena , wild dogs , fox , bear ,  civet , purcupines , Hanuman langur ect


Repltiles and Birds of Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary 

Debrigarh wildlife Sanctuary Famous for


Different types of reptiles like – Python , Cobra , Karait , Crocodiles , fresh water turtle etc . Peacock dancing from time to time is a majestic view of the Sanctuary . Local birds like Super Fowl , Peacock . Blue Jay , Brahmni Kite , heron along with 50 migratory birds are found here in winter . Migratory birds like Pintail , Shoveler , Brahminy Duck , Gadwall , Black tailed Godwit, Seagull are also seen in large numbers . The Sanctuary witnessed a larger congregation of migratory bird in winter .

 Important trees of Debrigarh wildlife Sanctuary 

Important trees species like Sal , Bija , Kendu , Siso , Asan , Mahul , Simul and Bamboo are also seen here in large numbers . 


Beauty of Debrigarh wildlife Sanctuary 

the foot hill of Debrigarh wildlife Sanctuary – the river Mahanadi lies  which fulfil the water needs of wild animals residing in the sanctuary . 34 water pool has been constructed in sanctuary for the water needs of wild animals . A few staff support have been provided for the water body and landscape conservation of Debrigarh wildlife sanctuary . Five watch tower has been constructed for better inspection of wildlife sanctuary . The Watch towers located in Pati Durga , Barduma, and Magal talu of Laxanpur range . 



Anti Poaching Camp of Deberigarh wildlife Sanctuary 

In order to prevent poaching of wild animals – several anti- poaching camp have been set up at different locations – such Mundakati , Laxanpur , Khola , Samara Dhara , Jagada Behera , Khajuria and Jhall in Laxmanpur range . In Munda Mahul , Jada Simari , Parvati Mahul , Tudru Kusum , Junani , Lambipali in Kamdar range . 

Best time to visit Debrigarh Sanctuary –

In order to enjoy the beauty of Debrigarh Sanctuary – the best time to vist the wildlife sanctuary is October to March . The Hirakud Dam and river Mahanadi is a major attraction of Debrigarh wildlife sanctuary . Parvati tomb is spot – for tourist . the Small waterfall at Ushakothi is another main attraction for tourist . Wild animals can be witnessed by visitors – in regular duel at Badhei durga inside the forest .  



Other attractions of Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary 

The fort of Freedom fighter Shree Veer Surendra Sai present inside the fort and it is one of the best tourist attraction of Debrigarh wildlife Sanctuary . Visitor also access the Zero point near the Hirakud dam which nearer to Debrigarh wildlife sanctuary . There are many pet elephant in the wildlife sanctuary are best attractions for tourist . The animals rescued from different part of Sambalpur are given special treatment at the mini zoo of Sambalpur town the Deer park . Where you can find barking deer , spotted deer , hyena , Pea fowl and Sambal etc . 

 Facilities for Tourist in Debrigarh wildlife Sanctuary –

All amenities and facilities are available at Debrigarh Sanctuary in Dudrukusum forst rest house – where tourist can access food and accommodation etc . There several ecotourism cottages are available at  Barakhandia equipped with best accommodations and facilities . You have to book online – to avail these services . 

Entry Pass to the Debrigarh Sanctuary –

The entry point of the Debrigarh wildlife Sanctuary is Dudrukusum , to developed an aptitude of ecotourism – the Debrigarh is always committed .

The entry point to sanctuary is nearer to Hirakud dam and it nearer to The Burla town , Bargarh town and Sambalpur town . The distance between Burla to Debrigarh is 35 km and Bargarh to Deberigarh is also 35 km and Sambalpur to Debrigarh is 50 km . The Sanctuary is 320km  from the state capital Bhubaneswar . 

Motto of Debrigarh wildlife Sanctuary 

 The Debrigarh is an ecotourism site . The ecotourism incorporates a strong commitment to the ecosystem and nature and sense of environmental responsibility . Ecotourism – a responsible travel to natural area – which preserves and conserve the environmental and improves the welfare of local people.   

Important Tourist Places Near Debrigarh wildlife Sanctuary - 

The Debrigarh wildlife sanctuary has blessed with many tourist destinations near by area . The tourist places like Hirakud Dam , Zero point , Samaleswari temple , Ghanteswari temple , Huma Temple , Deer Park , Sambalpur University campur , Burla Planotorium , CCBF Sambalpur 


Hirakud Dam of Sambalpur -

The Hirakud Dam is a Multi purpose Dam of Odisha - it was built during the period of Shee Jawaharlal Nehru - During the 1st five year plan - for irrigation and hydro-electric purposes . 

The Dam is present near the Burla- town of Sambal and it is nearer to Sambalpur university and 20 km away from the Sambalpur town . It is the largest hydro-electric project of Odisha and longest hydro-electric project in the world , It is the most visited place in Sambalpur district 

Zero Point - of Sambalpur Town - 

The Zero-point is located near the Hirakud Dam . It is a small part of Hirakud Dam . It is the most visited place and picnic spot of Hirakud Dam . This spot is 3 Km away from Burla Medical college . This place remain crowded during the new year - for picnicking activities . 

Deer Park of Sambalpur town - 

 
The Deer Park of Sambalpur is one of the mini zoo and animal rescue center of Debrigarh wildlife Sanctuary . This park act as a wildlife heritage of Sambalpur district and it spread across an area of 40 acre of land . This zoo has 30 species of animals and 300 numbers of birds . 

Samaleswari Temple of Sambalpur Town 


The Sambalpur Town is named after goddess Maa Samaleswari and Maa Samaleswari is the main deity of Sambalpur District . This temple is one of the Main Shakti Peetha of Odisha . The whole culture of Sambalpur Town is based on Samaleswari temple . 

Gandhi Minar and Jawahar Minar of Sambalpur 


The Gandhi Minar and Jawahar minar mainly built to enjoy the beauty of Hirakud dam . Here you can see the broader view of Hirakud Dam and Sambalpur town .





Proper Location of and Information of Debrigarh Sanctuary 


Country-India
State-Odisha
District-Sambalpur
Forest Divison-Hirakud
Date of Notification-08-02-1985
Total Area-350 sq kms
Near -Hirakud Dam

HOW TO REACH TO DEBRIGARH 

BY AIR-VEER SURENDRA SAI AIRPORT,JHARSUGUDA/BIJU PATNAIK AIRPORT,BBSR
BY ROAD-NH55 ROAD (AT-AUINTHAPALI BUS STAND)
BY TRAIN-HIRAKUD STATION IS THE NEARBY STATION

DESCRIPTION-OF DEBRIGARH SANCTUARY

Debrigarh wildlife sanctuary is an important sanctuary in Odisha and it is best example of insitu wildlife conservation,it is habitat in the state of Odisha is home to an immense array of biodiversity.It is the habitat of various type of animals-such as mammals,birds,reptiles,amphibians,fishes,odonates,
butterfly and spiders found here.The sanctuary is popular for its beauty and wilderness.Various national and international tourists are attracted by its dry deciduous  forest and  it flora and funa.
The combination of dry deciduous mixed forest with rich wildlife ,Hirakud reservior and attractive topographical feature are the important feature of Debrigarh Wildlife sanctuary .It is one of tthe vibrant wildlife sanctuary in Odisha.

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT DEBRIGARH SANCTUAR

* It also known for waterfall during monsoon at the hill side 
* Hirakud reservoir attract huge number of migratory birds during winter season
* The sanctuary is famous for animals like-Chausingha,Gaur,Elephant,Sambar and Spotted deer,Leopard,Beer,Porcupine, jackal,Hyena,Wolf





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debri

Monday 6 July 2020

NANDANKANAN THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK OF ODISHA

LOCATION OF NANDANKANAN


Country-India
state-Odisha
District-Khurdha
Near-Bhubaneswar
At-Barang
Area-4010 sq km
Number of animals-2669
Number of species-157 (in 2016)

HOW TO REACH

BY BUS-BARAMUNDA BUS STAND IS THE NEAREST BUSTAND TO NANDANKANAN ZOOLOGICAL PARK
BY AIR-BIJU PATNAIK  AIRPORT IS THE NEAREST AIRPORT TO NANDANKANAN NATIONAL PARK
BY TRAIN-MASTER CANTEIN RAILWAY STATION IS THE NEAREST STATION TO NANDANKANAN ZOOLOGICAL PARK

 ABOUT NANDANKANAN

It is one of the most important zoological park of india  and it has 2nd rank in zoological park list in India . This zoological park is completely located in dense forest and it provides a nutual habital feeling to every wild animal as they are not staying in the zoo and they are living in their natural habitat . This zoological park is 15 km away from the center of Bhubaneswar and it is 24 km away from bijupatnaik international airport . Due to better connectivity million of tourists are coming every year to Bhubaneswar due to Nandankanan . Here special arrangement `has done for international tourist by the state government ..



VISITING HOUR AT NANDANKANAN  ZOOLOGICAL PARK

1.April to September-(7.30 hr to 17.30 hr)
2.October to March-(8.00 hr to 17.00 hr)
3.Every Monday zoological park remain closed.


NANDA NKANAN SPECIAL SERVICES

1.BOATING-Paddle and row boats are available in kanjia lake of Nandankanan ,the muiti-story boat 
ghat is renovated to give new looks provide enough space for visitors to enjoy and relax the boating.

tiger safari is also available in this zoological park - it may be costly but so much interesting - white tiger safari also available in Nandankanan . 

WHITE TIGER SAFARI-

The most interesting white color tiger safari is also available for all tourists and this service is available for all since 1990 and the safari vehicle provide the journey of 20 hector where tiger are staying in their natural habitat .In India - the white tiger safari is only available in Nandankanan . 


BEAR SAFARI

The bear safari is one of the most important attraction of the Nandankanan and it is available since 2008 in Nanadankanan and it is cheaper than white tiger safari .

HERBIVOUR SAFARI-

Herbivore safari one of the most important attraction of this zoological park it was started from 2010 it is lacated in 30 acres of area and 5km of running way .

LION SAFARI-

It was started in 1980 and covers 25 hactor area and highly protected buses have been using  while -they travelling through lion pride. due to green scenery of this zoo it provide an amazing tourism feeling to all .

REPTILE PARK

A reptile park is present in this zoological park and at the entrance gate of this park a statue of huge dianosore is present and there are 30 species of reptiles are present at present .

AMPHIBIAN ENCLOSURE 

It occupy  56m sq and it provide better habitat all amphibians .Nandankanan is the 1st premier zoo
to exhibit amphibians ,at present 30 numbers of amphibian belonging to 7 species

OPEN TOP LEOPARD ENCLOSURE 

It is a unique attempt of Nandankanan to exhibits this species in a large naturalistic enclosure which is open to the sky,the enclosure according to visitor satisfaction by without compromising security of animals as well as visitor ,the entire enclosure contain large vegetation and a case for the animals there is a big banian tree inside the enclosure.

TOY TRAIN-

The toy train has been a great attraction for the children and it has 1.5 km railway track,now it is under renovation

AQUARIUM 

Aquarium is a major attraction of a modern zoo ,adequate steps taken to include well research and education material on various aquatic ecosystem including freshwater and marine ecosystem ,It is started from 2009. All type of aquatic animals are available for show to tourists. 

BATTERY  OPERATED VEHICLE

To facilitate elderly and physically challenged people battery operated vehicles are available at 
Rs.100  per head


,

CHILIKA LAKE THE BRAKISH WATER LAGOON IN ODISHA

CHILIKA LAKE

chilika lake


It spread over 1000 sq  km in east coast of Odisha . it also a lagoon due to the connection with the Bay of Bengal .it is rich in biodiversity and water of Chilika is rich with lives . Before 1990 it was a just a lake and after the ecological restoration it has become a main attraction of national and international tourists .

NALABANA – BIRD SANCTUARY –

Chilika is a major sites for migratory bird conservation . Not all chilika birds are migrant and some are also permanent residence like the little cormorants .There are different species of birds are found in Chilika and according to their shape and seize they accesses different resources from the lake .

The mixture of salt water and river water gives an unique environment for the unique bio-diversity . here the water is brakish and it is slightly salty in nature . It is the only brakish water lake found in the India .

BENEFITS FROM CHILIKA

Due to the chilika , a huge mass of population are dependent on their livelihood by directly or indirectly . It provide regular income to 1 lakh fisherman from the nearby area of chilika . It also provide job for transporting services and it create a better environment of hotel and lodging industry in odisha .

IPORTANT ISLAND OF CHILIKA

There are numerous small islands are present in chilika lake and some major islands of Chilika are Kalijai , satapada , Nalabana etc .

Total tourist visit per year –

Around 20 lakh people visited every year to chilika and 80% of people are from India are 20% of visiters are international visitors .

 

 

 






Saturday 4 July 2020

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SALIM ALI NATIONAL PARK

Salim Ali National Park


ABOUT DR . SALIM ALI 

Dr. Salim Ali was one of the great ornithologist of India . He also known as the bird man of India . A national park of  Jammu and Kashmir also name as Salim Ali national Park . 
He wrote book on bird species of India and Pakistan .- this book has 10 volumes . 
 
He born on 12th November 1896 in Mumbai . After his death his father was died and when attain the age of three his mother also died . His parents had nine children and he was the youngest among them . 
This maternal uncle - Amiruddin Teyabji take care him after the death of his parents . 

LOCATION OF SAIM ALI NATIONAL PARK 

This national park is located in Srinagar of state Jammu- its initial name was - city national park - later it was renamed after - the great Ornithologist DR. SALIM ALI.  This national park covers the area of 10 square Kilometre  . . The main reason of attraction of this park is the assemblage of all types of  endangered bird are found in this National Park . 

BEAUTY OF SALIM ALI NATIONAL PARK 

Variety of shrubs are found in this national park and most of the shrub gives beautiful flower every year and these flowering shrub give food and shelter to all birds species. Most attractive beautiful bird are moving here and there in the national park . 

Major plants and animals  of Salim Ali National Park 

Mainly - many sub-species of mangrove plant dominate the Salim Ali national park . 
The main animals like - himalian deer, polar cock , Hangul , some species of wild cat , flying foxes are found in this national park . 

IMPORTANT BIRDS OF THIS NATIONAL PARK 


Almost all endangered birds are found in this national park , most of the birds are either migratory bird or himalian birds . Previously  the birds population was dense . latter due to high density of bird it was declared as a bird sanctuary